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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Diminished octave</span></span>
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</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">diminished octave</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Inversion_(interval)" class="mw-redirect" title="Inversion (interval)">Inverse</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Augmented_unison" title="Augmented unison">Augmented unison</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:palegoldenrod;">Name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data">Diminished eighth</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data">d8<sup id="cite_ref-B&S_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-B&S-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:palegoldenrod;">Size</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Semitone" title="Semitone">Semitones</a></th><td class="infobox-data">11</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Interval_class" title="Interval class">Interval class</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Just_intonation" title="Just intonation">Just interval</a></th><td class="infobox-data">48:25, 49:26 (13-limit), 256:135,<sup id="cite_ref-Duffin_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duffin-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 4096:2187</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:palegoldenrod;"><a href="Cent_(music)" title="Cent (music)">Cents</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Equal_temperament#Twelve-tone_equal_temperament" title="Equal temperament">12-Tone equal temperament</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1100<sup id="cite_ref-Duffin_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duffin-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Just_intonation" title="Just intonation">Just intonation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1129, 1108,<sup id="cite_ref-Duffin_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duffin-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1086</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>In music from <a href="Western_culture" title="Western culture">Western culture</a>, a <b>diminished octave</b> (<span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-3" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/cb\/Major_seventh_on_C.mid\/Major_seventh_on_C.mid.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Play"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Major seventh on C.mid"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cb/Major_seventh_on_C.mid/Major_seventh_on_C.mid.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Play</span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable">ⓘ</sup></span>) is an <a href="Interval_(music)" title="Interval (music)">interval</a> produced by <a href="Diminution" title="Diminution">narrowing</a> a <a href="Octave" title="Octave">perfect octave</a> by a <a href="Chromatic_semitone" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromatic semitone">chromatic semitone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-B&S_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-B&S-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As such, the two notes are denoted by the same letter but have different <a href="Accidental_(music)" title="Accidental (music)">accidentals</a>. For instance, the interval from C<sub>4</sub> to C<sub>5</sub> is a perfect octave, twelve semitones wide, and both the intervals from C<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span><sub>4</sub> to C<sub>5</sub> and from C<sub>4</sub> to C<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span><sub>5</sub> are diminished octaves, spanning eleven semitones. Being diminished, it is considered a <a href="Consonance_and_dissonance" title="Consonance and dissonance">dissonant</a> interval.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>The diminished octave is <a href="Enharmonic_equivalence" title="Enharmonic equivalence">enharmonically equivalent</a> to the <a href="Major_seventh" title="Major seventh">major seventh</a>.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>
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<li id="cite_note-B&S-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-B&S_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-B&S_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Benward & Saker (2003). <i>Music: In Theory and Practice, Vol. I</i>, p.54. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">
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</style><a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-07-294262-0</bdi>. Specific example of an d8 not given but general example of perfect intervals described.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Duffin-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Duffin_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Duffin_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Duffin_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDuffin2008" class="citation book cs1">Duffin, Ross W. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=i5LC7Csnw7UC&q=how+equal+temperament+ruined+harmony"><i>How equal temperament ruined harmony : (and why you should care)</i></a> (First published as a Norton paperback. ed.). New York: W. W. Norton. p. 163. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-393-33420-3</bdi><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Benward & Saker (2003), p.92.</span>
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</style><div id="Intervals258" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Interval_(music)" title="Interval (music)">Intervals</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Equal_temperament" title="Equal temperament">Twelve-<br>semitone</a><br>(post-Bach<br>Western)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="(Numbers_in_bracketsare_the_number_ofsemitones_in_theinterval.)86" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><i>(Numbers in brackets<br>are the number of<br><a href="Semitone" title="Semitone">semitones</a> in the<br>interval.)</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight:normal;">Perfect</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Unison" title="Unison">unison</a> (0)</li>
<li><a href="Perfect_fourth" title="Perfect fourth">fourth</a> (5)</li>
<li><a href="Perfect_fifth" title="Perfect fifth">fifth</a> (7)</li>
<li><a href="Octave" title="Octave">octave</a> (12)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Major_and_minor#Intervals_and_chords" title="Major and minor">Major</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Major_second" title="Major second">second</a> (2)</li>
<li><a href="Major_third" title="Major third">third</a> (4)</li>
<li><a href="Major_sixth" title="Major sixth">sixth</a> (9)</li>
<li><a href="Major_seventh" title="Major seventh">seventh</a> (11)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Major_and_minor#Intervals_and_chords" title="Major and minor">Minor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Minor_second" class="mw-redirect" title="Minor second">second</a> (1)</li>
<li><a href="Minor_third" title="Minor third">third</a> (3)</li>
<li><a href="Minor_sixth" title="Minor sixth">sixth</a> (8)</li>
<li><a href="Minor_seventh" title="Minor seventh">seventh</a> (10)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Augmentation_(music)#Augmentation_of_intervals" title="Augmentation (music)">Augmented</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Augmented_unison" title="Augmented unison">unison</a> (1)</li>
<li><a href="Augmented_second" title="Augmented second">second</a> (3)</li>
<li><a href="Augmented_third" title="Augmented third">third</a> (5)</li>
<li><a href="Tritone" title="Tritone">fourth</a> (6)</li>
<li><a href="Augmented_fifth" title="Augmented fifth">fifth</a> (8)</li>
<li><a href="Augmented_sixth" title="Augmented sixth">sixth</a> (10)</li>
<li><a href="Augmented_seventh" title="Augmented seventh">seventh</a> (12)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Diminution#Diminution_of_intervals" title="Diminution">Diminished</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Diminished_second" title="Diminished second">second</a> (0)</li>
<li><a href="Diminished_third" title="Diminished third">third</a> (2)</li>
<li><a href="Diminished_fourth" title="Diminished fourth">fourth</a> (4)</li>
<li><a href="Tritone" title="Tritone">fifth</a> (6)</li>
<li><a href="Diminished_sixth" title="Diminished sixth">sixth</a> (7)</li>
<li><a href="Diminished_seventh" title="Diminished seventh">seventh</a> (9)</li>
<li> (11)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Interval_(music)#Simple_and_compound" title="Interval (music)">Compound</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Ninth" title="Ninth">ninth</a> (13 or 14)</li>
<li><a href="Third_(chord)" title="Third (chord)">tenth</a> (15 or 16)</li>
<li><a href="Eleventh" title="Eleventh">eleventh</a> (17 or 18)</li>
<li><a href="Fifth_(chord)" title="Fifth (chord)">twelfth</a> (18 or 19)</li>
<li><a href="Thirteenth" title="Thirteenth">thirteenth</a> (20 or 21)</li>
<li><a href="Seventh_(chord)" title="Seventh (chord)">fourteenth</a> (22 or 23)</li>
<li><a href="Fifteenth" title="Fifteenth">fifteenth</a> (24)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br>tuning<br>systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><b><a href="24-tone_equal_temperament" class="mw-redirect" title="24-tone equal temperament">24-tone equal temperament</a></b><br><i>(Numbers in brackets refer<br>to fractional semitones.)</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Neutral57" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight:normal;"><div><br><a href="Neutral_interval" title="Neutral interval">Neutral</a><br><br></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Quarter_tone" title="Quarter tone">quarter tone</a> (<span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>)</li>
<li><a href="Neutral_interval" title="Neutral interval">second</a> (<span class="frac">1<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>)</li>
<li><a href="Neutral_third" title="Neutral third">third</a> (<span class="frac">3<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>)</li>
<li><a href="Major_fourth_and_minor_fifth" title="Major fourth and minor fifth">major fourth</a> (<span class="frac">5<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>)</li>
<li><a href="Major_fourth_and_minor_fifth" title="Major fourth and minor fifth">minor fifth</a> (<span class="frac">6<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>)</li>
<li><a href="Neutral_sixth" title="Neutral sixth">sixth</a> (<span class="frac">8<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>)</li>
<li><a href="Neutral_interval" title="Neutral interval">seventh</a> (<span class="frac">10<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><b><a href="Just_intonation" title="Just intonation">Just intonations</a></b><br><i>(Numbers in brackets<br>refer to pitch ratios.)</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="7-limit_tuning" title="7-limit tuning">7-limit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Septimal_quarter_tone" title="Septimal quarter tone">septimal quarter tone</a> (36:35)</li>
<li><a href="Septimal_third_tone" title="Septimal third tone">septimal third tone</a> (28:27)</li>
<li><a href="Septimal_chromatic_semitone" title="Septimal chromatic semitone">septimal chromatic semitone</a> (21:20)</li>
<li><a href="Septimal_diatonic_semitone" title="Septimal diatonic semitone">septimal diatonic semitone</a> (15:14)</li>
<li><a href="Septimal_whole_tone" title="Septimal whole tone">supermajor second</a> (8:7)</li>
<li><a href="Septimal_minor_third" title="Septimal minor third">subminor third</a> (7:6)</li>
<li><a href="Septimal_major_third" title="Septimal major third">supermajor third</a> (9:7)</li>
<li><a href="Septimal_tritone" title="Septimal tritone">subminor fifth</a> (7:5)</li>
<li><a href="Septimal_tritone" title="Septimal tritone">supermajor fourth</a> (10:7)</li>
<li><a href="Harmonic_seventh" title="Harmonic seventh">subminor seventh</a> (7:4)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Limit_(music)" title="Limit (music)">Higher-limit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Minor_diatonic_semitone" title="Minor diatonic semitone">minor diatonic semitone</a> (17-limit)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br>intervals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight:normal;"><b>Groups</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Microtonal_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Microtonal music">Microtone</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_intervals_in_5-limit_just_intonation" title="List of intervals in 5-limit just intonation">5-limit</a></li>
<li><a href="Comma_(music)" title="Comma (music)">Comma</a></li>
<li><a href="Pseudo-octave" title="Pseudo-octave">Pseudo-octave</a></li>
<li><a href="Pythagorean_interval" title="Pythagorean interval">Pythagorean interval</a></li>
<li><a href="Subminor_and_supermajor" title="Subminor and supermajor">Subminor and supermajor</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight:normal;"><i><b>Semitones</b></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Pythagorean_limma" class="mw-redirect" title="Pythagorean limma">Pythagorean limma</a></li>
<li><a href="Pythagorean_apotome" class="mw-redirect" title="Pythagorean apotome">Pythagorean apotome</a></li>
<li><a href="Major_limma" title="Major limma">Major limma</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight:normal;"><i><b>Quarter tones</b></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Quarter_tone" title="Quarter tone">Quarter tone</a></li>
<li><a href="Septimal_quarter_tone" title="Septimal quarter tone">Septimal quarter tone</a></li>
<li><a href="Undecimal_quarter_tone" class="mw-redirect" title="Undecimal quarter tone">Undecimal quarter tone</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight:normal;"><b><a href="Comma_(music)" title="Comma (music)">Commas</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Pythagorean_comma" title="Pythagorean comma">Pythagorean comma</a> (23.5 cents)</li>
<li><a href="Syntonic_comma" title="Syntonic comma">Syntonic comma</a> (21.5 cents)</li>
<li><a href="Holdrian_comma" class="mw-redirect" title="Holdrian comma">Holdrian comma</a> (22.6 cents)</li>
<li><a href="Septimal_comma" title="Septimal comma">Septimal comma</a> (27.3 cents)</li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="Diesis" title="Diesis">Lesser diesis</a> (41.1 cents)</li>
<li><a href="Diesis" title="Diesis">Greater diesis</a> (62.6 cents)</li>
<li><a href="Septimal_diesis" title="Septimal diesis">Septimal diesis</a> (35.7 cents)</li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="Diaschisma" title="Diaschisma">Diaschisma</a> (19.5 cents)</li>
<li><a href="Semicomma" title="Semicomma">Semicomma</a> (10.1 cents)</li>
<li><a href="Septimal_semicomma" title="Septimal semicomma">Septimal semicomma</a> (13.8 cents)</li>
<li><a href="Kleisma" title="Kleisma">Kleisma</a> (8.1 cents)</li>
<li><a href="Septimal_kleisma" title="Septimal kleisma">Septimal kleisma</a> (7.7 cents)</li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="Schisma" title="Schisma">Schisma</a> (1.95 cents)</li>
<li><a href="Breedsma" title="Breedsma">Breedsma</a> (0.72 cents)</li>
<li><a href="Ragisma" title="Ragisma">Ragisma</a> (0.4 cents)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight:normal;"><b>Measurement</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Cent_(music)" title="Cent (music)">Cent</a></li>
<li><a href="Cent_(music)#Centitones" title="Cent (music)">Centitone</a></li>
<li><a href="Millioctave" title="Millioctave">Millioctave</a></li>
<li><a href="Savart" title="Savart">Savart</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight:normal;"><b>Others</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Wolf_interval" title="Wolf interval">Wolf</a></li>
<li><a href="Ditone" title="Ditone">Ditone</a></li>
<li><a href="Semiditone" class="mw-redirect" title="Semiditone">Semiditone</a></li>
<li><a href="George_Secor#Secor" title="George Secor">Secor</a></li>
<li><a href="Incomposite_interval" title="Incomposite interval">Incomposite interval</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"></span></span> <a href="List_of_pitch_intervals" title="List of pitch intervals">List of pitch intervals</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
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